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Revision history for this page on the wikienMediaWiki 1.13.3Mon, 02 Nov 2026 11:00:52 GMTLemasterMichaelson731: New page: <h1> Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm</h1> <p>An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a dilation (ballooning) of part of the aorta that is within the abdomen. An abdominal aortic aneurysm almost alwa...
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<p>New page: <h1> Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm</h1> <p>An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a dilation (ballooning) of part of the aorta that is within the abdomen. An abdominal aortic aneurysm almost alwa...</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div><h1> Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm</h1><br />
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<p>An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a dilation (ballooning) of part of the aorta that is within the abdomen. An abdominal aortic aneurysm almost always causes no symptoms until it ruptures (bursts). A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is often fatal. An abdominal aortic aneurysm much less than 50 mm wide has a below average probability of rupture. A procedure to take care of the aneurysm may be proposed if it is larger sized than 50 mm, as above this dimension the probability of rupture raises. Males 65 years old and over are to be proposed a program scan to screen for abdominal aortic aneurysm.</p><br />
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<h2>What is the aorta?</h2><p>The aorta is the most significant artery (blood vessel) in the human body. It carries blood from the heart and descends through the chest and the abdomen. Many arteries come off the aorta to supply blood to all parts of the body. At about the level of the pelvis the aorta divides into two arteries, one going to each leg.</p><br />
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<h2 >What is an aneurysm and an abdominal aortic aneurysm?</h2><p>An aneurysm is where a section of an artery widens (balloons out). The wall of an aneurysm is weaker than a normal artery wall. The pressure of the blood inside the artery results in the weaker section of wall to balloon.<br /><br /><div style="text-align:center<img style="width:294px;height:270px;float:left;" src="http://www.abdominalaneurysm.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/AAA.gif" alt="Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm"/> <img style="width:310px;height:263px;" src="http://www.abdominalaneurysm.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm.gif" alt="Diagram showing the main arteries of the body and details of an aortic aneurysm"/></div><br /><br />Aneurysms could occur in any artery, but they most typically take place in the aorta. Most aortic aneurysms arise in the section of the aorta that moves through the abdomen. These are known as abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Frequently they occur in the part going through the chest. These are known as thoracic aortic aneurysms.<br /><br />The normal diameter of the aorta in the abdomen is related to 20 mm. An [http://www.abdominalaneurysm.net abdominal aneurysm] is said to be present if a area of the aorta within the abdomen is 30 mm or more in diameter.<br /><br />The rest of this leaflet is mainly about AAAs.<br /><br />AAAs differ in dimensions. As a rule, after you develop an AAA, it tends gradually to obtain greater. The speed at which it gets larger varies from person to person. In spite of this, on average, an AAA tends to get larger by around 10% per year.</p><br />
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<h2>What leads to an abdominal aortic aneurysm?</h2><br />
<h3>In the majority of cases</h3><p>The particular factor why an aneurysm figures in the aorta in most cases is not well-defined. Most instances happen in aged people. An AAA is exceptional in people below the age of 60. Therefore, getting old has a significant role to play.<br /><br />The wall of the aorta normally has levels of smooth muscle mass, and layers built from tissues termed elastin and collagen. Elastin and collagen are powerful boosting tissues. What seems to happen is that a part of the aorta loses its regular toughness and elasticity in some people as they grow older. Scientific tests advises that this is because of to changes in the elastin, collagen and smooth muscle tissues. There seem to be complicated biochemical procedures that lead to these transformations. Some people are more vulnerable than others to these changes.<br /><br />Your genetic make-up performs a part, as you have a considerably higher chance of developing an AAA if one of your parents has, or had, one.<br /><br />Atheroma could additionally play a part. Atheroma is a oily material that stores within the inside of lining of arteries. Atheroma is in some cases termed furring of the arteries. Most AAAs are layered with some atheroma. Anyone can develop atheroma, but it develops more typically with growing age. A number of risk factors also improve the chance of atheroma forming. They include: smoking, high blood tension, diabetes, raised cholesterol level, taking little exercise, and obesity. These are the same risk factors that raise the probability of atheroma forming in the heart (coronary) arteries, which can cause angina and heart attacks.</p><br />
<h3>In a minority of cases</h3><p>Rare factors of AAAs have injury or infection of the aorta. Additionally, certain unusual hereditary conditions can influence the artery framework. In these abnormal situations an aneurysm may develop at a relatively young age.</p><br />
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<h2>How common are abdominal aortic aneurysms?</h2><p>About 6 in 100 men and about 2 in 100 women over the age of 65 have an AAA. It will become more regular with increasing age. In spite of this, most people with an AAA are not knowledgeable that they have one. An AAA is rare in people under the age of 60.</p><br />
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<h2>What is the concern about an abdominal aortic aneurysm?</h2><p>The main concern is that the aneurysm might rupture (burst). The wall of the aneurysm is weaker than a usual artery wall and may not be able to stand up to the pressure of blood inside. If it ruptures then severe internal bleeding occurs which is often fatal. Of course, most AAAs do not rupture - only a certain proportion (see below).</p><br />
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<h2>What are the symptoms and signs of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?</h2><p>Often there are no signals or symptoms. At the time of identification, 7 in 10 people with an AAA will not have had any symptoms due to the aneurysm. The ballooning of the aneurysm does not cause any symptoms unless of course it becomes large enough to set up tension on native structures. If signs do happen, they are likely to be mild abdominal or back aches and pains. There are many triggers of mild abdominal and back pain. Therefore, the diagnosis could be delayed except when the aneurysm is big enough to be felt by a medical professional when he or she examines your abdomen.<br /><br />Sometimes small blood clots form on the inside lining of an AAA. These may break up off and be transported down the aorta and obstruct a smaller artery further on. These blood clots are called emboli and can be damaging. For illustration, full blockage of an artery that provides a foot may prospect to loss of blood to part of the foot, which can cause pain in the foot and gangrene if left without treatment.<br /><br />If the aneurysm does rupture then you are likely to have sudden severe abdominal and/or back pain. This is commonly soon followed by crease as the internal bleeding causes a sharp drop in blood pressure.</p><br />
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<h2>The way in which an abdominal aortic aneurysm is diagnosed?</h2><ul><li>Occasionally a doctor feels the stick out of an aneurysm throughout a program check-up of the abdomen. Nevertheless, many AAAs are too small to feel.</li><li>An X-ray of the abdomen (often executed for other causes) will show calcium mineral stores lining the wall of an AAA in a few, but not all, scenarios.</li><li>An ultrasound check is the easiest way to detect an AAA. This is a painless analyze. It is the identical option of capture that expecting a baby women have to look at the baby in the womb. The size of the aneurysm can also be measured by ultrasound. As discussed later, it is important to know the size.</li><li>A more detailed scan, such as a CT scan, is sometimes done. This may be done if your current doctor needs to know whether the aneurysm is influencing any of the arteries that come off the aorta. For example, if the aneurysm entails the section of the aorta where the arteries to the kidneys branch off, specialists need to find out this info if they prepare to operate.</li></ul><br />
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<h2>What is the chance of an abdominal aortic aneurysm rupturing?</h2><p>The opportunity of rupture is lower if an AAA is small. As a rule, the risk of rupture grows with increasing dimensions. This is much like a balloon - the larger you blow it up, the greater the pressure, and the higher the chance it will burst. The diameter of an AAA can be tested by an ultrasound diagnostic scan. The following gives over-all threat figures for the size (diameter) of the aneurysm:</p><ul><li>40 mm-55 mm: about a 1 in 100 chance of rupture per year.</li><li>55 mm-60 mm: about a 10 in 100 chance of rupture per year.</li><li>60 mm-69 mm: about a 15 in 100 chance of rupture per year.</li><li>70 mm-79 mm: about a 35 in 100 chance of rupture per year.</li><li>80 mm or more: about a 50 in 100 chance of rupture per year.</li></ul><p>As a rule, for any given size, the risk of rupture is improved in smokers, females, those with high blood pressure, and those with a family background of an AAA.</p><br />
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<h2>Should certainly everyone with an abdominal aortic aneurysm have surgical procedure?</h2><p>The simple answer is no. Operative repair of an AAA is a significant procedure and includes risks. A small quantity of people will die throughout, or right after, the treatment. If you have a small AAA, the probability of dying triggered by surgical procedure is higher than the danger of rupture. For this reason, surgical procedures is normally not advised if you have an AAA less than 50 mm broad. Even so, usual ultrasound scanning will usually be recommended to discover if it gets larger over time.<br /><br />Surgery treatment is normally recommended if you develop an AAA larger than 50 mm. For these larger aneurysms the threat of rupture is typically higher than the risk of surgical procedure. In spite of this, if your general state of health is bad, or if you have certain other medical related conditions, this may raise the risk if you have surgical treatment. Therefore, in a number of situations the choice to operate could be a difficult one.<br /><br />Urgent situation surgical procedure is needed if an AAA ruptures. On average, about 8 in 10 people who have a ruptured aortic aneurysm will die due to the sudden significant bleeding. Even so, urgent surgery is lifesaving in some cases.</p><br />
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<h2>What treatments are executed?</h2><p>There are two types of operative operation to repair an AAA.<br /><br />The classic surgery is to cut out the negative piece of aorta and replace it with an artificial element of artery (a graft). This is a main operation and, as pointed out, provides some risk. Some people die for the duration of this operation. However, it is effective in the majority of situations and the aneurysm is completely fixed. The long-term prospect is good. The graft commonly works well for the rest of your life.<br /><br />A newer method makes it possible for the aorta to be repaired by a technique called endovascular repair. This has become a popular solution in latest years. In this procedure a tube is passed up from inside one of the leg arteries into the area of the aneurysm. This tube is then passed throughout the increased aneurysm and fixed to the good aorta wall applying metal clips. The benefit to this specific type of restoration is that there is no abdominal surgery. This method is thus more secure than the standard operation, and you require to spend less time in hospital. A negative aspect is that some persons have to undergo a further procedure at a later stage to refine the early procedure.<br /><br />Medical tactics keep going to develop and improve. Your surgeon will recommend about the pros and disadvantages of surgical procedures, the different types of operation, and the best solution for you.</p><br />
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<h2>Other treatments could be necessary</h2><p>If you have an AAA, you are probably to have a substantial amount of atheroma that lines the artery. For this reason, you are at threat of having significant atheroma structure in other arteries, such as the coronary (heart) arteries and brain arteries. Therefore, you are likely to be at higher risk of developing heart disease (angina, heart attack, etc) and stroke.<br /><br />In fact, most people who develop an aortic AAA do not die of the aneurysm but die from additional vascular problems, such as a heart attack or stroke.<br /><br />Therefore, you should consider doing what you can to decrease the chance of these factors by other suggests. For example:</p><ul><li>Eat a healthy diet which contains keeping a low salt intake.</li><li>If you are able, exercise regularly.</li><li>Lose weight if you are over weight.</li><li>Do not smoke cigarettes.</li><li>If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation.</li><li>If you have high blood pressure, diabetes, or a high cholesterol level, they should be well controlled on treatment.</li><li>You may be prescribed a statin drug to lower your cholesterol level and low-dose aspirin to help prevent blood clots from forming.</li></ul><p>See separate leaflet called <i>'Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases'</i> for more details.</p><br />
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<h2>Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm</h2><p>Research studies recommend that a routine ultrasound scan is beneficial for all men aged 65. This is because most people with an AAA do not have symptoms. Following a routine diagnostic scan, surgical procedure can be available to men found to have an aneurysm over 50 mm wide. Follow-up scans can be provided to monitor those with smaller aneurysms.<br /><br />In early 2008, the government announced that over the subsequent five years ultrasound screening would be rolled out to enable all men in England aged 65 and over to be screened. Screening is likely to begin in Scotland in 2011. Wales and Northern Ireland have yet to announce their plans. Screening for AAA is offered only to men, as the condition is much more common in men than in women. One study published in 2009 predicted that if all men in their 60s and 70s were screened in England then this could save nearly 2,000 lives a year. Nevertheless, there are some people who have fears about screening for AAA; for example, see the paper by Johnson cited under 'References', below.</p></div>Sun, 22 Apr 2012 18:23:45 GMTLemasterMichaelson731http://beta.aalf.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:LemasterMichaelson731